|
As of around 1987 about 42,000 Jews lived in Greater Houston.〔Bell, p. (217 ).〕 As of 2008 Jews lived in many Houston neighborhoods and Meyerland was the center of the Jewish community in the area. ==History== Until 1880 Houston had a smaller Jewish population than Galveston, then the cultural center of the state, did. In 1844 a plot of land in Houston had been purchased so a Jewish cemetery could be built. In 1850 the Jewish community in Houston had 17 adults. In 1854 the Orthodox Beth Israel Congregation opened in a former house that had been converted to a synagogue. By 1860 the number of Jewish adults grew to 68, and that year there were 40 Jewish children.〔Bell, p. (216 ).〕 In the 19th Century the Jewish population moved into the First and Second wards and later settled in the Third Ward. Congregation Beth Israel was first established in a frame building on LaBranch Street near the Third Ward settlement. In the 19th Century the Franklin and Navigation area in the Fifth Ward and the area around Washington and Houston street in the Sixth Ward received Jewish settlers from Eastern Europe. As of around 1987 the areas in the historic Fifth and Sixth Wards no longer have significant Jewish populations. Roselyn Bell, author of the "Houston" entry in ''The Jewish Traveler: Hadassah Magazine's Guide to the World's Jewish Communities and Sights'', wrote that the Houston Jewish community was "much more ''shtetl''-like than it is today."〔 Beginning in 1880 many Eastern European Jews moved to Houston. They integrated with German Jews, differing from Eastern European Jews in the East Coast. Around that time the Russian-Polish Adath Yeshurun synagogue and the majority Galician Dorshe Tov synagogue, both Orthodox Jewish synagogues, had been founded. Adath Yeshurun merged into Congregation Adath Yeshurun in 1891. The Galveston Plan, an early 20th Century plan that called for sending Eastern European Jewish immigrants from heavily populated East Coast areas to less densely populated areas between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, sent many Jews to Houston. In 1903 a Zionist organization in Houston opened. In 1908 ''The Jewish Herald Voice'' began publication. In 1915 a Jewish Workmen's Circle opened.〔 In the 1920s Jews began to settle in the Washington Terrace and later the Riverside Terrace areas in the current Third Ward area. Many Jewish institutions such as synagogues remained there until the end of the 1950s.〔 Jewish families moved to Riverside Terrace in the 1930s since they were not allowed to settle in River Oaks.〔Feser, Katherine. "(Much history flows through Riverside )." ''Houston Chronicle''. July 9, 2002. Retrieved on April 18, 2009.〕 Allison Wollam of the ''Houston Business Journal'' stated that, at one point, Riverside Terrace "was once on the same affluent level as the swanky River Oaks area."〔Wollam, Allison. "(Riverside Terrace bucks housing slowdown )." ''Houston Business Journal''. August 15, 2008. Retrieved on April 18, 2009. "It’s becoming common practice for homes in the Riverside Terrace area — a historic Inner-Loop neighborhood bounded by Scott, North MacGregor, Almeda and Wheeler()"〕 During that period the neighborhood hosted the houses of the prominent Weingarten, Finger, and McGregor families.〔 Around the 1874 Beth Israel became a Reform Judaism synagogue. Congregation Beth El was founded in 1924. It was the first Conservative Judaism synagogue founded in Houston. In 1925 it occupied the former Beth Israel building. Adath Yeshurun later merged with Beth El and became Congregation Beth Yeshurun.〔 In the 1930s many Jewish refugees from Germany moved to Houston. In 1943 Temple Beth Israel announced that people who espoused Zionist ideals were not allowed to be members, so Emanu-El was formed by people who disagreed with the decision. After World War II Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe moved to Houston.〔 By the 1950s the Jews moved to Southwest Houston and Jewish institutions relocated there. The first subdivisions to receive Jews were neighborhoods along North Braeswood and South Braeswood. Subsequently Meyerland began receiving Jews. From 1955 to around 1987 the Jewish population in Houston increased by 300%. By the 1970s Jews moved to Fondren Southwest in Southwest Houston and the Memorial and Spring Branch areas. By 1987 there were around 42,000 Jews in Greater Houston and Jews were located in many areas of Greater Houston.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Jews in Houston」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|